Strand Frequency Over Time

Total marks allocation per strand by year. Look for 2-3 year rotation patterns.

Paper Composition

Marks distribution by strand for each paper

Data Availability

Status of dataset completeness

YearQuestionsStatus
2025187 marksFull Analysis
2024178 marksFull Analysis
2023166 marksFull Analysis
2022177 marksFull Analysis
2019158 marksFull Analysis
2018150 marksFull Analysis
2017153 marksFull Analysis
2016145 marksFull Analysis
* Partial years (like 2025) contain question text and content domains but lack facility/discrimination statistics which are released later.

Content Domain Heatmap

Frequency of specific content domain codes. Darker cells = more marks.

Tested (darker = more marks)Never tested (20 codes)

Showing 198 codes across 9 strands

CodeTopic20162017201820192022202320242025
5C3
Use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, levels of accuracy.Never tested
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
6C4
Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.Never tested
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
3C1
Add and subtract numbers mentally, including: a three-digit number and ones; a three-digit number and tens; a three-digit number and hundreds.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
4121121
3C2
Add and subtract numbers with up to three digits, using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
421243
3C3
Estimate the answer to a calculation and use inverse operations to check answers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
1
3C4
Solve problems, including missing number problems, using number facts, place value, and more complex addition and subtraction.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
234141
3C6
Recall and use multiplication and division facts for the 3, 4 and 8 multiplication tables.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
21213
3C7
Write and calculate mathematical statements for multiplication and division using the multiplication tables that pupils know, including for two-digit numbers times one-digit numbers, using mental and progressing to formal written methods.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
311111
3C8
Solve problems, including missing number problems, involving multiplication and division, including positive integer scaling problems and correspondence problems in which n objects are connected to m objects.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
1211113
4C2
Add and subtract numbers with up to 4 digits using the formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction where appropriate.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
933533
4C3
Estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
214
4C4
Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
222222
4C6a
Recall multiplication and division facts for multiplication tables up to 12 x 12.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
41131
4C6b
Use place value, known and derived facts to multiply and divide mentally, including: multiplying by 0 and 1; dividing by 1; multiplying together three numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
21439455
4C6c
Recognise and use factor pairs and commutativity in mental calculations.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
1
4C7
Multiply two-digit and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number using formal written layout.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
1111142
4C8
Solve problems involving multiplying and adding, including using the distributive law to multiply two-digit numbers by one digit, integer scaling problems and harder correspondence problems such as n objects are connected to m objects.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
2212
5C1
Add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
22313
5C2
Add and subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits, including using formal written methods (columnar addition and subtraction).
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
4211
5C4
Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
244
5C5a
Identify multiples and factors, including finding all factor pairs of a number and common factors of two numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
2212
5C5b
Know and use the vocabulary of prime numbers, prime factors and composite (non-prime) numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
1
5C5c
Establish whether a number up to 100 is prime and recall prime numbers up to 19.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
2111
5C5d
Recognise and use square numbers and cube numbers, and the notation for squared (2) and cubed (3).
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
31221131
5C6a
Multiply and divide numbers mentally drawing upon known facts.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
11113211
5C6b
Multiply and divide whole numbers and those involving decimals by 10, 100 and 1,000.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
13213112
5C7a
Multiply numbers up to 4 digits by a one- or two-digit number using a formal written method, including long multiplication for two-digit numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
2342
5C7b
Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a one-digit number using the formal written method of short division and interpret remainders appropriately for the context.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
112244
5C8a
Solve problems involving multiplication and division including using their knowledge of factors and multiples, squares and cubes.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
4221
5C8b
Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and a combination of these, including understanding the meaning of the equals sign.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
21322
5C8c
Solve problems involving multiplication and division including scaling by simple fractions and problems involving simple rates.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
213
6C3
Use estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
1
6C5
Identify common factors, common multiples and prime numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
12232
6C6
Perform mental calculations, including with mixed operations and large numbers.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
2212
6C7a
Multiply multi-digit numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long multiplication.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
44444677
6C7b
Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit whole number using the formal written method of long division, and interpret remainders as whole number remainders, fractions, or by rounding, as appropriate for the context.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
44465667
6C7c
Divide numbers up to 4 digits by a two-digit number using the formal written method of short division where appropriate, interpreting remainders according to the context.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
2
6C8
Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
84378999
6C9
Use their knowledge of the order of operations to carry out calculations involving the four operations.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
21131441
6A1
Express missing number problems algebraically.
Algebra
22122
6A2
Use simple formulae.
Algebra
42311222
6A3
Generate and describe linear number sequences.
Algebra
22431
6A4
Find pairs of numbers that satisfy an equation with two unknowns.
Algebra
221422
6A5
Enumerate possibilities of combinations of two variables.
Algebra
112
3F1a
Count up and down in tenths; recognise that tenths arise from dividing an object into 10 equal parts and in dividing one-digit numbers or quantities by 10.Never tested
Fractions, decimals and percentages
3F3
Compare and order unit fractions and fractions with the same denominator.Never tested
Fractions, decimals and percentages
6F10
Solve problems which require answers to be rounded to specified degrees of accuracy.Never tested
Fractions, decimals and percentages
3F10
Solve problems that involve 3F1–3F4.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1
3F1b
Recognise, find and write fractions of a discrete set of objects: unit fractions and non-unit fractions with small denominators.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
121
3F1c
Recognise and use fractions as numbers: unit fractions and non-unit fractions with small denominators.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1
3F2
Recognise and show, using diagrams, equivalent fractions with small denominators.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
21
3F4
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator within one whole.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
111
4F1
Count up and down in hundredths; recognise that hundredths arise when dividing an object by a hundred and dividing tenths by ten.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1
4F10a
Solve problems involving increasingly harder fractions to calculate quantities, and fractions to divide quantities, including non-unit fractions where the answer is a whole number.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
2111
4F10b
Solve simple measure and money problems involving fractions and decimals to two decimal places.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
2122544
4F2
Recognise and show, using diagrams, families of common equivalent fractions.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
111
4F4
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1211
4F6a
Recognise and write decimal equivalents of any number of tenths or hundredths.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
112
4F6b
Recognise and write decimal equivalents to 1/4, 1/2, 3/4.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
12
4F7
Round decimals with one decimal place to the nearest whole number.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1
4F8
Compare numbers with the same number of decimal places up to two decimal places.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1122111
4F9
Find the effect of dividing a one- or two-digit number by 10 and 100, identifying the value of the digits in the answer as ones, tenths and hundredths.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
11
5F10
Solve problems involving numbers up to three decimal places.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
523444
5F11
Recognise the per cent symbol (%) and understand that per cent relates to 'number of parts per hundred', and write percentages as a fraction with denominator 100, and as a decimal.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
2
5F12
Solve problems which require knowing percentage and decimal equivalents of 1/2, 1/4, 1/5, 2/5, 4/5 and those fractions with a denominator of a multiple of 10 or 25.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
12
5F2a
Recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions and convert from one form to the other and write mathematical statements > 1 as a mixed number.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
112
5F2b
Identify, name and write equivalent fractions of a given fraction, represented visually, including tenths and hundredths.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
21
5F3
Compare and order fractions whose denominators are all multiples of the same number.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
213
5F4
Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator and denominators that are multiples of the same number.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1111522
5F5
Multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by materials and diagrams.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
11424213
5F6a
Read and write decimal numbers as fractions.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
11
5F6b
Recognise and use thousandths and relate them to tenths, hundredths and decimal equivalents.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
11
5F7
Round decimals with two decimal places to the nearest whole number and to one decimal place.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1
5F8
Read, write, order and compare numbers with up to three decimal places.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
43122212
6F11
Recall and use equivalences between simple fractions, decimals and percentages, including in different contexts.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
32313
6F2
Use common factors to simplify fractions; use common multiples to express fractions in the same denomination.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
21123
6F3
Compare and order fractions, including fractions > 1.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
2112
6F4
Add and subtract fractions with different denominators and mixed numbers, using the concept of equivalent fractions.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
27656233
6F5a
Multiply simple pairs of proper fractions, writing the answer in its simplest form.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1122
6F5b
Divide proper fractions by whole numbers.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
12111221
6F6
Associate a fraction with division to calculate decimal fraction equivalents for a simple fraction.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
21
6F9a
Identify the value of each digit to three decimal places and multiply and divide numbers by 10, 100 and 1,000 giving answers up to three decimal places.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
21322121
6F9b
Multiply one-digit numbers with up to two decimal places by whole numbers.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
112233
6F9c
Use written division methods in cases where the answer has up to two decimal places.
Fractions, decimals and percentages
1
P1
Within key stage 1 content domain.Never tested
Geometry - position and direction
4P2
Describe movements between positions as translations of a given unit to the left/right and up/down.
Geometry - position and direction
111
4P3a
Describe positions on a 2-D grid as co-ordinates in the first quadrant.
Geometry - position and direction
1212
4P3b
Plot specified points and draw sides to complete a given polygon.
Geometry - position and direction
11
5P2
Identify, describe and represent the position of a shape following a reflection or translation, using the appropriate language, and know that the shape has not changed.
Geometry - position and direction
1211
6P2
Draw and translate simple shapes on the co-ordinate plane, and reflect them in the axes.
Geometry - position and direction
1111212
6P3
Describe positions on the full co-ordinate grid (all four quadrants).
Geometry - position and direction
111111
3G3a
Draw 2-D shapes.Never tested
Geometry - properties of shapes
3G3b
Make 3-D shapes using modelling materials; recognise 3-D shapes in different orientations and describe them.Never tested
Geometry - properties of shapes
3G4a
Recognise that angles are a property of shape or a description of a turn.Never tested
Geometry - properties of shapes
G1
Within key stage 1 content domain.Never tested
Geometry - properties of shapes
3G2
Identify horizontal and vertical lines and pairs of perpendicular and parallel lines.
Geometry - properties of shapes
11
3G4b
Identify right angles, recognise that two right angles make a half-turn, three make three quarters of a turn and four a complete turn; identify whether angles are greater than or less than a right angle.
Geometry - properties of shapes
11
4G2a
Compare and classify geometric shapes, including quadrilaterals and triangles, based on their properties and sizes.
Geometry - properties of shapes
1
4G2b
Identify lines of symmetry in 2-D shapes presented in different orientations.
Geometry - properties of shapes
1
4G2c
Complete a simple symmetric figure with respect to a specific line of symmetry.
Geometry - properties of shapes
1111
4G4
Identify acute and obtuse angles and compare and order angles up to two right angles by size.
Geometry - properties of shapes
211
5G2a
Use the properties of rectangles to deduce related facts and find missing lengths and angles.
Geometry - properties of shapes
13
5G2b
Distinguish between regular and irregular polygons based on reasoning about equal sides and angles.
Geometry - properties of shapes
1
5G3b
Identify 3-D shapes, including cubes and other cuboids, from 2-D representations.
Geometry - properties of shapes
11
5G4a
Know angles are measured in degrees: estimate and compare acute, obtuse and reflex angles.
Geometry - properties of shapes
11
5G4b
Identify: angles at a point and one whole turn (total 360°); angles at a point on a straight line and 1/2 a turn (total 180°); other multiples of 90°.
Geometry - properties of shapes
14
5G4c
Draw given angles, and measure them in degrees (°).
Geometry - properties of shapes
11
6G2a
Compare and classify geometric shapes based on their properties and sizes.
Geometry - properties of shapes
21112
6G2b
Describe simple 3-D shapes.
Geometry - properties of shapes
222
6G3a
Draw 2-D shapes using given dimensions and angles.
Geometry - properties of shapes
3
6G3b
Recognise, describe and build simple 3-D shapes, including making nets.
Geometry - properties of shapes
221
6G4a
Find unknown angles in any triangles, quadrilaterals and regular polygons.
Geometry - properties of shapes
11212
6G4b
Recognise angles where they meet at a point, are on a straight line, or are vertically opposite, and find missing angles.
Geometry - properties of shapes
12
6G5
Illustrate and name parts of circles, including radius, diameter and circumference and know that the diameter is twice the radius.
Geometry - properties of shapes
111
3M1a
Compare lengths (m/cm/mm).Never tested
Measurement
3M1c
Compare volume/capacity (l/ml).Never tested
Measurement
3M2b
Measure mass (kg/g).Never tested
Measurement
3M4a
Tell and write the time from an analogue clock, including using Roman numerals from I to XII, and 12-hour and 24-hour clocks.Never tested
Measurement
3M9b
Add and subtract lengths (m/cm/mm).Never tested
Measurement
4M2
Estimate different measures, including money in pounds and pence.Never tested
Measurement
5M7a
Measure and calculate the perimeter of composite rectilinear shapes in centimetres and metres.Never tested
Measurement
6M7c
Recognise when it is possible to use the formulae for the area of shapes.Never tested
Measurement
M3
Key stage 1 content domain (Money).Never tested
Measurement
3M1b
Compare mass (kg/g).
Measurement
21
3M2a
Measure lengths (m/cm/mm).
Measurement
1
3M2c
Measure volume/capacity (l/ml).
Measurement
1
3M4b
Tell and write the time from an analogue clock, including using Roman numerals from I to XII, and 12-hour and 24-hour clocks.
Measurement
1
3M4c
Estimate and read time with increasing accuracy to the nearest minute; record and compare time in terms of seconds, minutes and hours.
Measurement
1
3M4d
Estimate and read time with increasing accuracy to the nearest minute; use vocabulary such as o'clock, a.m./p.m., morning, afternoon, noon and midnight.
Measurement
1
3M4e
Know the number of seconds in a minute and the number of days in each month, year and leap year.
Measurement
21
3M4f
Compare durations of events [e.g. to calculate the time taken by particular events or tasks].
Measurement
13
3M7
Measure the perimeter of simple 2-D shapes.
Measurement
1
3M9a
Add and subtract amounts of money to give change, using both £ and p in practical contexts.
Measurement
211213
3M9c
Add and subtract mass (kg/g).
Measurement
2
3M9d
Add and subtract volume / capacity (l/ml).
Measurement
2
4M1
Compare different measures, including money in pounds and pence.
Measurement
1
4M4a
Read, write and convert time between analogue and digital 12-hour clocks.
Measurement
1
4M4b
Read, write and convert time between analogue and digital 24-hour clocks.
Measurement
1111
4M4c
Solve problems involving converting from hours to minutes; minutes to seconds; years to months; weeks to days.
Measurement
2
4M5
Convert between different units of measure [e.g. kilometre to metre; hour to minute].
Measurement
12
4M7a
Measure and calculate the perimeter of a rectilinear figure (including squares) in centimetres and metres.
Measurement
221
4M7b
Find the area of rectilinear shapes by counting squares.
Measurement
1
4M9
Calculate different measures, including money in pounds and pence.
Measurement
132123
5M4
Solve problems involving converting between units of time.
Measurement
22
5M5
Convert between different units of metric measure [e.g. kilometre and metre; centimetre and metre; centimetre and millimetre; gram and kilogram; litre and millilitre].
Measurement
25222
5M6
Understand and use approximate equivalences between metric units and common imperial units such as inches, pounds and pints.
Measurement
22
5M7b
Calculate and compare the area of rectangles (including squares), and including using standard units, square centimetres (cm²) and square metres (m²), and estimate the area of irregular shapes.
Measurement
32
5M8
Estimate volume [e.g. using 1 cm³ blocks to build cuboids (including cubes)] and capacity [e.g. using water].
Measurement
1
5M9a
Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure [e.g. money] using decimal notation, including scaling.
Measurement
6625244
5M9b
Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure [e.g. length] using decimal notation, including scaling.
Measurement
22114
5M9c
Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure [e.g. mass] using decimal notation, including scaling.
Measurement
22422
5M9d
Use all four operations to solve problems involving measure [e.g. volume] using decimal notation, including scaling.
Measurement
31
6M5
Use, read, write and convert between standard units, converting measurements of length, mass, volume and time from a smaller unit of measure to a larger unit, and vice versa, using decimal notation to up to three decimal places.
Measurement
22212
6M6
Convert between miles and kilometres.
Measurement
1
6M7a
Recognise that shapes with the same areas can have different perimeters and vice versa.
Measurement
2
6M7b
Calculate the area of parallelograms and triangles.
Measurement
1
6M8a
Calculate, estimate and compare volume of cubes and cuboids using standard units, including centimetre cubed (cm³) and cubic metres (m³), and extending to other units [e.g. mm³ and km³].
Measurement
121
6M8b
Recognise when it is possible to use the formulae for the volume of shapes.
Measurement
2
6M9
Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of measure, using decimal notation up to three decimal places where appropriate.
Measurement
21
3N4
Identify, represent and estimate numbers using different representations.Never tested
Number and place value
3N1
Count from 0 in multiples of 4, 8, 50 and 100.
Number and place value
1
3N2a
Compare and order numbers up to 1,000; read and write numbers to 1,000 in numerals and in words.
Number and place value
221
3N2b
Find 10 or 100 more or less than a given number.
Number and place value
1111111
3N3
Recognise the place value of each digit in a three-digit number (hundreds, tens, ones).
Number and place value
211
3N6
Solve number problems and practical problems involving 3N1–3N4.
Number and place value
1
4N1
Count in multiples of 6, 7, 9, 25 and 1,000.
Number and place value
2112
4N2a
Order and compare numbers beyond 1,000.
Number and place value
2
4N2b
Find 1,000 more or less than a given number.
Number and place value
13221
4N3a
Recognise the place value of each digit in a four-digit number (thousands, hundreds, tens and ones).
Number and place value
11
4N3b
Read Roman numerals to 100 (I to C) and know that over time, the numeral system changed to include the concept of zero and place value.
Number and place value
1
4N4a
Identify, represent and estimate numbers using different representations.
Number and place value
112
4N4b
Round any number to the nearest 10, 100 or 1,000.
Number and place value
12412
4N5
Count backwards through zero to include negative numbers.
Number and place value
12
4N6
Solve number and practical problems that involve 4N1–4N5 and with increasingly large positive numbers.
Number and place value
2
5N1
Count forwards or backwards in steps of powers of 10 for any given number up to 1,000,000.
Number and place value
13
5N2
Read, write, order and compare numbers to at least 1,000,000.
Number and place value
11
5N3a
Determine the value of each digit in numbers up to 1,000,000.
Number and place value
1111
5N3b
Read Roman numerals to 1,000 (M) and recognise years written in Roman numerals.
Number and place value
11
5N4
Round any number up to 1,000,000 to the nearest 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 and 100,000.
Number and place value
222311
5N5
Interpret negative numbers in context, count forwards and backwards with positive and negative whole numbers, including through zero.
Number and place value
211
5N6
Solve number problems and practical problems that involve 5N1–5N5.
Number and place value
11
6N2
Read, write, order and compare numbers up to 10,000,000.
Number and place value
21112
6N3
Determine the value of each digit in numbers up to 10,000,000.
Number and place value
21131
6N4
Round any whole number to a required degree of accuracy.
Number and place value
212
6N5
Use negative numbers in context, and calculate intervals across zero.
Number and place value
2221
6N6
Solve number problems and practical problems that involve 6N2–6N5.
Number and place value
11
6R1
Solve problems involving the relative sizes of two quantities where missing values can be found by using integer multiplication and division facts.
Ratio and proportion
2534214
6R2
Solve problems involving the calculation of percentages [e.g. of measures and such as 15% of 360] and the use of percentages for comparison.
Ratio and proportion
24445954
6R3
Solve problems involving similar shapes where the scale factor is known or can be found.
Ratio and proportion
311
6R4
Solve problems involving unequal sharing and grouping using knowledge of fractions and multiples.
Ratio and proportion
2111
3S1
Interpret and present data using bar charts, pictograms and tables.
Statistics
453
3S2
Solve one-step and two-step questions [e.g. 'How many more?' and 'How many fewer?'] using information presented in scaled bar charts, pictograms and tables.
Statistics
11
4S1
Interpret and present discrete and continuous data using appropriate graphical methods, including bar charts and time graphs.
Statistics
11
4S2
Solve comparison, sum and difference problems using information presented in bar charts, pictograms, tables and other graphs.
Statistics
35222
5S1
Complete, read and interpret information in tables, including timetables.
Statistics
322214
5S2
Solve comparison, sum and difference problems using information presented in a line graph.
Statistics
1
6S1
Interpret and construct pie charts and line graphs and use these to solve problems.
Statistics
221123
6S3
Calculate and interpret the mean as an average.
Statistics
22322